Quando aprendemos inglês, a gramática é essencial para termos uma boa compreensão e fluência do idioma. Vamos ver muitos detalhes a respeito de dois tempos verbais importantes – o Presente Simples e o Passado Simples. Preste atenção nas explicações e exemplos. Tudo é questão de prática, portanto, é através do erro que chegamos a perfeição.
Simple Present – Do e does
Quando usamos o Simple Present? Ele é usado para expressarmos ações que são relativas a rotinas ou hábitos. Tenha em mente que os tempos verbais no inglês possuem os VERBOS AUXILIARES que não há como traduzí-los para o português. Os auxiliares do Presente Simples são: DO e DOES.
Observe os pronomes usados com DO e DOES.
DO – I, YOU, WE, THEY
DOES – HE, SHE and IT.
Vamos abordar inicialmente o auxiliar…
DO
Forma interrogativa:
Do you live in Montreal?
Do you usually go to the theater?
Do they like sports?
Do they work on Saturdays?
Observe que a pergunta começa com DO e logo em seguida usamos o sujeito e depois o verbo no infinitivo. Lembre-se que não há como traduzir DO, portanto, o verbo principal está no presente!
Outros exemplos:
Do you like Japanese food?
Do Michael and Peter work in Canada?
Do you speak Portuguese?
Forma negativa:
I don’t like Italian food.
You don’t have a job!
We don’t play the guitar.
They don’t work in New York.
Prestem atenção no uso do auxiliar DO + NOT nas frases negativas. Comece sua frase com o sujeito e depois use DO + NOT e logo em seguida o verbo no infinitivo.
Mais exemplos:
Mike and Jane don’t study Spanish.
We don’t play soccer on Saturdays.
I don’t have a good car.
Observe agora estes exemplos:
I don’t have a house but I intend to buy one next year.
We don’t speak English but Spanish we do.
They don’t live in Canada but they intend to live there one day.
Como podemos observar não é tão complicado usar o auxiliar DO! Vamos ver agora exemplos na forma afirmativa.
Forma afirmativa:
I swim every weekend.
Paul and Mike play volleyball on Sundays.
Mary and Jane work in a good restaurant in Miami.
Podemos dizer que nas frases afirmativas usamos o verbo para demonstrar rotinas ou hábitos. Veja mais exemplos:
I wake up at six o’clock.
I have lunch at noon.
I go to school at one pm.
I travel to Europe once a year.
I play the piano twice a week.
I like soccer and rugby.
AUXILIAR DOES
O auxiliar DOES é usado quando mencionamos a terceira pessoa – HE, SHE e IT. Também é usado para rotinas ou hábitos.
Frases interrogativas:
Does Peter live in Australia?
Does Mike work in Miami?
Does your sister speak English?
Does your brother play basketball?
Usamos o auxiliar DOES + sujeito e em seguida o verbo no infinitivo. Uma regra bem simples!
Mais exemplos:
Does your father work at Google?
Does Michael cook?
Does George like Italian food?
Frases negativas:
She doesn’t speak Italian.
My sister doesn’t have a job.
Paul doesn’t like his boss.
Peter doesn’t live in Rome.
Usamos o sujeito + does + not + verbo no infinitivo.
Mais exemplos:
Walter doesn’t have a good salary.
Pete doesn’t swim very well.
Frases afirmativas:
She walks to her job every day.
Paul likes his school.
Karen sings beautiful songs.
Observe o uso do ‘S’ no final do verbo nas frases afirmativas – quando usamos frases afirmativas para he, she e it, o uso do S no final do verbo se faz necessário.
Mais exemplos:
Abraham works from Monday to Friday.
Donald lives in Washington D.C.
Pete plays basketball on weekends.
Veja outros exemplos:
My brother speaks English but my sister doesn’t.
Paul likes pizza but Karen doesn’t.
My mother lives in Miami but my sister doesn’t.
Simple Past – DID
O uso do Passado Simples está relacionado com o auxiliar DID. Ele é usado para todos os pronomes pessoais. Este tempo verbal expressa ações que terminaram em um tempo específico no passado.
No inglês há os verbos regulares e irregulares – os regulares terminam com ED e os irregulares através de uma forma diferente. Veja alguns exemplos:
Verbos regulares: study – studied // work – worked // talk – talked
Verbos irregulares: write – wrote // speak – spoke // buy – bought
Frases interrogativas:
Did you work last weekend?
Did your father travel to Ireland last year?
Did she buy a new car yesterday?
Did he play soccer in the morning?
Use o auxiliar DID + sujeito + verbo no infinitivo.
Veja estes outros exemplos:
Did she go to Paul’s house last Sunday?
Did you drink a cup of coffee in the morning?
Frases negativas:
He didn’t work last week because he was sick.
She didn’t travel to Canada last year.
I didn’t eat Italian food today.
Usamos o sujeito + DID + NOT + verbo no infinitivo.
Frases afirmativas:
She ate Japanese food today.
They drank white wine last Sunday.
Paul bought a new house last Monday.
Exercises – choose the correct answer:
A) Paul did not visit – did not visited – did not visiting his family last weekend.
B) Michel like – likes – does liked Italian food.
C) Paul and Michel did not go – did not went – did went to London last year.
D) Mike does not likes – does not like – does liked rugby.
E) Stephanie traveled – travels – traveling to Europe every year.
F) My cat does not liked – does not like – does like to eat bones.
G) George likes – like – is like Indian food.
H) Peter did not worked – did not working – did not work last weekend.
 Momento certo de usar A ou AN ➽ |
| Aprenda sobre regular verbs ➽ |